N-dimensional scanning type display apparatus

ABSTRACT

An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatus, for use in a subway, tunnel, or places in which a conventional image display system may not be employed due to space limitations and/or the high moving speed of the observer, uses a display zone, a sensor zone, and a data forming zone to coordinate the display with the moving observer. The display zone is for displaying a succession of images which are responsive to moving speed information and/or moving direction information of the observer. The sensor zone is for detecting the passage of the moving observer past a reference position and is for outputting movement information, such as speed and direction to the data forming zone, which data forming zone is for forming a display changeover control signal based on the movement information.

DESCRIPTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to an n-dimensional type scanning displaymethod and apparatus, by which even an observer moving at a high speedcan see the display content by utilizing the after-image effect of eyesand which can display a large image by a small number of displayelements.

2. Background Art

As the conventional display method for an advertisement on a shop frontor in a show window or for an outdoor advertisement, there are generallyadopted a method using a signboard comprising a painted iron sheet or acut plastic material, a method in which a box is formed in the rear of aplastic or glass sheet on which a picture is drawn and an illuminator isarranged in the box, and a method using an electric sign boardcomprising a neon sign or LED. Recently, there have been used anelectric news or Q-vision type display system of an improved large TV,liquid crystal TV or LED type such as a jumbotron.

However, according to each of these conventional display methods, thedisplay is mainly directed to a standing man or a man moving veryslowly, and therefore, the conventional methods involve a problem inthat a man moving at a high speed in the vicinity of the displayapparatus cannot see the display content. With recent increase of thespeed of a vehicle and recent reduction of a space for construction ofan advertising tower or the like, the necessity of a display apparatusin which the display content can be correctly seen even from a movingvehicle is increasing.

In the method using a signboard or neon sign, the display content suchas a displayed letter or image cannot be changed at all or can hardly bechanged. In contrast, in an electric signboard or a recently developedTV type display system, the display content can be easily changed, butthe mechanism is complicated.

Moreover, development of a display apparatus having an enhancedadvertisement-displaying function capable of attracting the attention ofan ordinary passenger more easily than in the conventional technique isdesired.

Under this background, it is an object of the present invention toprovide a display apparatus, in which the display content can be seenand read even by a person who is on a vehicle moving at a high speed anda large image can be displayed by a small number of display elements.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The n-dimensional scanning type display method of the present inventionis characterized in that in obtaining an n-dimensional image in adisplay apparatus having an (n-1)-dimensional display plane, by thedisplay changeover operation of the display plane and the movingoperation of one of the display apparatus and the moving member for theobservation, the image scanning operation in the remaining one directionis accomplished.

According to the present invention, by moving one of the displayapparatus and the moving member for the observation, an n-dimensionaldisplay image can be obtained in the (n-1)-dimensional plane byutilizing the after-image effect of an observer, and an image displayequivalent to the image display attained in the conventional techniquecan be attained by a smaller number of display elements.

The n-dimensional display apparatus of the present invention is fixedlyarranged in a moving passage of the moving member for the observation,and comprises a sensor zone detecting the passage of the moving memberfor the observation and putting out a movement information, adata-forming zone forming a display changeover control signal based onthe movement information from the sensor zone and putting out displaydata, and a display zone having an (n-1)-dimensional display array zoneconstructed by many emission elements, which is arranged for receivingdisplay data based on the display changeover control signal from thedata-forming zone and changing over and displaying (n-1)-dimensionalimages in regular succession.

If the scanning operation in one direction is thus performed by thedisplacement of the moving member for the observation and the timewisechange of display data in the display apparatus, the number of displayelements can be reduced, and even in a tunnel or subway where adisplayed image can hardly been seen, a passenger can recognize theimage clearly without moving his neck.

In the present invention, the display zone is constructed by connectinga plurality of display units, each comprising serial-parallel conversionmeans, display driving means and a display array zone.

By adopting this structure, the number of picture elements in thedisplay zone can be easily increased and decreased.

Furthermore, the display array zone of the display zone is constructedto have a plurality of display array rows, the number of which issmaller than the number of display picture elements along theabove-mentioned moving direction, displayed with the movement of themoving member for the observation.

In this structure, by showing the displays of respective display arrayrows in a time-staggering manner synchronously with the moving speed ofthe moving member for the observation, the image display time at acertain position seen by the observer can be prolonged by the number ofthe display array rows. Accordingly, the brightness level of thedisplayed image can be substantially elevated.

The n-dimensional scanning type display apparatus of the presentinvention comprises a display zone having an (n-1)-dimensional arrayzone, a driving zone for driving the display zone in a direction notparallel to the alignment direction of display elements of the displayarray zone, and a data-forming zone for forming a control signal for thechangeover of the display of the display zone and putting out(n-1)-dimensional image display data for the display in the displayzone.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the entire circuit structure ofthe first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the circuit structure of the sensorzone.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the measurement principle of thesensor.

FIG. 4 is a control flow chart for judging the moving speed and movingdirection of the moving member.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating in detail a timing generator ofthe data-forming zone.

FIGS. 6-(a) and 6-(b) are block diagrams illustrating the structure ofthe display zone.

FIGS. 7-(a) through 7-(e) are diagrams illustrating the operationprinciple of the display apparatus of the present embodiment.

FIGS. 8-(a) through 8-(c) are diagrams illustrating the structure of onepicture plane of the present embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the presentembodiment.

FIGS. 10-(a) through 10-(e) are diagrams illustrating the secondembodiment of the present invention, in which a three-dimensional imagedisplay is obtained by a two-dimensional image display apparatus.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the directivity characteristic of LED(display element) used as the display element.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example in which one pictureelement is constructed by a plurality of LED's.

FIGS. 13(a)-(d) are diagrams illustrating the third embodiment of thepresent invention in which a pseudo three-dimensional image display isobtained by using a one-dimensional display apparatus.

FIGS. 14(a)-(d) are diagrams illustrating the fourth embodiment of thepresent invention in which a continuous image display is obtained byusing a plurality of one-dimensional display apparatuses.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing one example of the circuit structureof the display zone in the display apparatus of the fifth embodimenthaving a plurality of display element rows.

FIGS. 16-(a) through 16-(c) are diagrams illustrating the operation inthe fifth embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the fifthembodiment.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating another example of the circuitstructure of the display zone of the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention,in which a display apparatus having a movable structure is arranged.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating the structure of the interior of apedestal portion of the above-mentioned display apparatus.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating the circuit structure of theabove-mentioned display apparatus.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view illustrating another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view illustrating still another embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating the structure of the interior of apedestal portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 23.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described withreference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the entire structure of the firstembodiment of the present invention. The entire circuit is roughlydivided into three blocks of a sensor zone, a data-forming zone and adisplay zone. The sensor zone comprises a sensor circuit 11 fordetecting the movement of a vehicle on which an observer is carried(hereinafter referred to as "moving member") and a judging portion 12for calculating the moving direction and moving speed of the movingmember on receipt of informations from the sensor circuit 11. Thedata-forming zone comprises a memory portion 14, a parallel-serialconversion portion 15 for converting 8-bit parallel data from the memoryzone to serial data, and a timing generator 13 for forming addresses ofthe memory portion 14 and generating control signals for the respectivezones. The display zone comprises a serial-parallel conversion portion16 for receiving the serial data from the data-forming zone andconverting them to parallel data, a display driver portion 17 forlatching the parallel data and driving display elements, and a displayarray portion 18 comprising appropriate display elements capable ofturning on and off according to a predetermined scanning speed of LED,EL or the like.

The sensor zone will now be described in detail with reference to FIG.2.

The sensor circuit 11 comprises a first sensor 11A and a second sensor11B arranged with a predetermined interval therebetween along the movingdirection of the moving member. Each of the sensors 11A and 11B utilizesthe optical triangulation method shown in FIG. 3. Namely, each sensorcomprises an emitting element 11a, a projecting lens 11b, alight-receiving lens 11c and a position-detecting element 11d, and abeam from the emitting element 11a is converged by the projecting lens11d and projected to the surface of a substance to be detected and apart of the diffused and reflected light passes through thelight-receiving lens 11c and is detected by the position-detectingelement 11d. Supposing that two bodies A and B are located apart fromthe emitting element 11a by different distances, the light reflectedfrom the body located at a near position forms a spot at point a of theposition-detecting element 11d while the light reflected from the body Blocated at a distant position forms a spot at point b. Accordingly, thedistance to the body to be detected can be judged by detecting the spotposition on the position-detecting element 11d.

The judging portion 12 comprises CPU equipped with an internal timer 12Aincluding an oscillating part 12a, a timer counter 12b and afrequency-dividing ratio-computing part 12c.

For example, the operation conducted when an electric car approachesfrom the first sensor 11A will not be described.

Detection signals (supposed to be high-level signals) are put out fromthe first sensor 11A and second sensor 11B in this order, and it isjudged that an electric car has come from the side of the first sensor11A. When the detection output from the first sensor 11A is put into CPU12 of the judging portion, the timer counter 12b of the internal timer12A starts counting, and the counting is stopped when the detectionoutput from the second sensor 11B is put into CPU 12. Thefrequency-dividing ratio is determined by the frequency-dividingratio-computing part 12c based on a clock counter value from theoscillating part 12a, and the determined frequency-dividing ratio DIV isfed as the speed information of the electric car to the timing generator13 of the date-forming zone. When the detection signal of the firstsensor 11A disappears (low level) before the detection signal of thesecond sensor 11B is put into CPU 12, it is judged that the body is notan electric car, and a start signal for the display apparatus is not putout and the counter is reset.

The value measured by the timer counter 12b corresponds to the time tsof the passage between both the sensors 11A and 11B. Accordingly, sincethe distance s between the first sensor 11A and the second sensor 11B isknown, the moving speed v of the electric car can be detected by theformula of v=s/ts.

Supposing that the range capable of avoiding the visual field of adriver is Lm from the head of the electric car, the display device isarranged within this distance, and when a relation of l>L is establishedbetween this L and the distance l to a first window or door of theelectric car for passengers from the head of the electric car, the timet1 between the point of detection of the electric car and the point ofcatching of the display apparatus in the visual field of a passenger isexpressed as t1=l/v, and since the speed v is expressed as v=s/ts, t1 isexpressed by the formula of t1=l/ts·ts. Therefore, by multiplying thetime corresponding to the count value by l/s, the time between the pointof detection of the electric car and the point of entrance of thedisplay apparatus into the visual field of the passenger can bedetermined. Therefore, a start trigger for the display apparatus is putout after the lapse of the above-mentioned time l/s·ts from the point ofdetection of the electric car. In this case, the display apparatuscomprises eight display units 50, and the driving timings of therespective display units 50 are controlled by enabling signals EN0through EN7 from CPU 12. After the enabling signal EN0 is put out by theabove-mentioned start trigger, the enable signals EN1 through EN7 areput out in regular succession. Supposing that the distance between everytwo adjacent display units is d, since the speed v of the electric caris expressed as v=s/ts, the time td of the passage through this distanced is expressed as td=d/v d/s×ts. Accordingly, with a delay time ofd/s×ts from the point of the output of the start trigger of the firstdisplay signal, the start trigger for the next display unit is put out.The moving direction of the electric car is detected by judging which ofthe detection outputs of the first sensor 11A and second sensor 11B isfirst generated, as pointed out hereinbefore. The outputs of the displaydata should be reversed according to the moving direction of theelectric car. In the present embodiment, the order to the detectionoutputs of the two sensors 11A and 11B is judged by CPU 12, and forexample, when it is judged that the detection output is first receivedfrom the first sensor 11A, the moving direction-judging signal DIR isadjusted to a low level, and when it is judged that the detection outputis first received from the second sensor 11B, the movingdirection-judging signal DIR is adjusted to a high level. Thus, the lineaddress is bit-reversed according to the output state of the movingdirection-judging signal DIR. Therefore, without changing the operationof the address counter, it becomes substantially possible to reversedisplay data and put out the reversed data, and an image displayagreeing with the moving direction of the electric car can be obtained.A control flow chart for judging the moving speed and moving directionof the electric car is shown in FIG. 4.

The data-forming portion will now be described with reference to FIG. 5which is a block diagram illustrating in detail the timing generator 13.

A latch 41 is a latch for storing the frequency-dividing ratio DIVobtained by decoding the speed information of the moving member, whichis emitted from the judging portion 12, for the frequency divider. Aprogrammable oscillator 42 comprises VCO 425 and a phase comparator 423as main components for obtaining an oscillation frequency a certainprogressive number of times as high as the frequency of a referencesignal oscillator 422. The frequency oscillated by VCO 425 is divided ata predetermined ratio by the programmable frequency divider 421 and putinto the phase comparator 423. The reference signal generated by thereference signal generator 422 is put in the phase comparator 423. Thephases of the two signals are compared by the phase comparator and putout as control voltages for VCO 425 through LPF 424. Thus, a PLL circuitis constructed.

By using this programmable oscillator, an oscillation frequency which isa certain number of times as high as the frequency of the referencesignal, but the intended function can also be attained by a method inwhich a predetermined frequency is obtained by dividing an appropriatefrequency by the programmable frequency divider.

ADR-CK is prepared by a counter 43 based on the clock CK obtained bythis programmable oscillator, and a load signal LDB is prepared by acondition circuit 45. The count number of an address counter 44 isincreased by one, every time rising of ADR-CK is detected by an addresscounter of the memory portion 14. Based on the outputs of the counter 43and address counter 44, a data clutch signal DLCK for the display driverportion 17 is prepared by a condition circuit 46. The clock CK put outfrom the programmable oscillator becomes a shift clock SCK of theparallel-serial conversion portion 15, and the clock formed by reversingthe above-mentioned clock CK becomes a shift clock of theserial-parallel conversion portion 16. For example, with respect to thecase where the speed of the moving member is 40 km/h, the display timeis 100 msec, the number of picture elements is 256×128 and each pictureelement includes two color elements of R (red) and G (green) (each being1-bit), since 65536 color elements (256×128×2×1 color elements) aredisplayed within 100 msec, it is sufficient if the clock CK of theprogrammable oscillator is generated at about 655 kHz. Supposing thatthe moving member passes at a speed of 30 km/h in the state where theoscillation frequency of the programmable oscillator is thus set, sincethe moving distance of the moving member for 100 msec is about 83 cm, ifthe scanning speed of the display apparatus is kept at the same level asadopted when the moving speed of the moving member is 40 km/h, a longdisplay of 128 cm×83 cm with a shortened width is formed. If the movingmember passes at a speed of 50 km/h, a wide display of 128 cm×139 cm isformed. Accordingly, by detecting the speed of the moving member andchanging the scanning speed, the frequency of the clock CK is set atabout 492 kHz when the speed of the moving member is 30 km/h or at about818 kHz when the speed of the moving member is 50 km/h. In this case,the display time is changed to 133 msec or 80 msec, but the same displayplane of 128 cm ×111 cm can be obtained.

The display zone will now be described with reference to FIGS. 6(a) and6(b).

Since the transfer of data to the display zone from the data-formingzone is carried out in a serial manner, supposing that one display unit50 is constructed, for example, by 8 blocks, each consisting of 32 colorelement dots, increase or decrease of the number of picture elements ineach unit can be easily performed as shown in FIG. 6-(a), and every twoadjacent units 50 can be sufficiently connected through three lines.

In the display unit 50, as shown in FIG. 6-(b), serial data put out fromthe parallel-serial conversion portion 15 of the data forming zone isput into a shift register 51 on the side of G, and latching and shiftingare carried out by the shift clock DSCK from the timing generator 13.Then, 32 shifted data are put into a shift register 54, and similarly,32 shifted data become outputs to the subsequent block. If data of onecolumn are shifted to all of the units 50 (8 units in the presentembodiment), the data are latched to drivers 52 and 55 by the latchclock DLCK from the timing generator 13, and instead of the data of thepreceding column, the latched data are displayed at G-displayingelements 53 and R-displaying elements 56 of the display array portion18. If the clock obtained by reversing the shift clock DSCK is put in asthe latch clock DLCK, the data being shifted are displayed to effect acolorful image expression.

The principle of displaying an image by this display apparatus will nowbe described.

For example, the case where a two-dimensional display consisting of L×Mpicture elements as shown in FIG. 7-(d) is obtained on the display planewill now be described. In this case, each picture element comprises onecolor element R, one color element G and one color element B.

As shown in FIG. 7-(a), a one-dimensional display apparatus consistingof (L×1) picture elements is vertically arranged, and the moving membermoves at a speed of X_(o) m/sec at a point apart from the displayapparatus by a vertical distance of n_(m). The value h is determined bythe angle of the visual field of the observer and the display area. FIG.7-(b) is a plane view of FIG. 7-(a).

Supposing that the display time of one image plane is t msec, theobserver moves by x_(m) for t msec, as shown by the equation of x=(x₀×t)/1000.

At this point, to the observer, it seems that the display apparatusmoves relatively by x_(m) FIG. 7-(c) . If new data are displayed atevery t/M msec on the one-dimensional display apparatus, a display of(L×M) picture elements can be obtained FIG. 7-(d) . Supposing that thesize of the picture element is of Δy×Δx as shown in FIG. 7-(e), Δy isdetermined by the interval between the display elements of theone-dimensional display apparatus, and Δx is determined by the movingspeed of the observer and the display changeover speed.

Incidentally, if the observer chases the display apparatus with his owneyes, the display area is smaller than x_(m). The reason is that thedisplay area changes relatively to the angle of the visual field of theobserver. Accordingly, there is a mutual relationship between the movingspeed of the observer and the distance h to the display apparatus.

The relationship between the moving speed of the observer and thedistance h to the display apparatus will now be described.

The speed of movement that can be visually detected by a man is (1)15°/sec when the eyes are fixed or (2) 25° to 30°/sec when the eyes aremoved along with the moving object, and (3) the upper limit speed ofmovement that can be visually detected beyond which only a light band isobserved) is 50°/sec.

Thus, visual detection of a moving body is defined by the angular speed,and in FIG. 7-(b), the relation of the distance x between A and B to thedistance h is expressed by the equation of x=2 h·tan θ/2. That is, aproportional relation is established between h and x.

Accordingly, in order to obtain a desirable image scanning operation, itis necessary that the moving speed of the moving member should beincreased with increase of the distance h between the display apparatusand the moving member.

The case where a two-dimensional display is obtained by the apparatus ofthe present embodiment utilizing the above-mentioned display principlewill now be described.

In this case, the LED display pigment has one chip R and one chip Ginstalled therein, and hence, the explanation will be made based on thesupposition that one picture element comprises two color elements R andG and makes one-bit display.

Referring to FIGS. 8(a)-(c), the observer sees the display zone having alength of about 128 cm and comprising (256×1) picture elements from themoving member. Supposing that the moving member moves at a speed of 40km/h toward the left in the drawings, to the observer, it seems that thedisplay zone relatively moves as shown in FIG. 8-(a). Supposing that thethe display time is 100 msec, the display zone moves to the right byabout 111 cm during this display time as shown below: ##EQU1##

Namely, a display of 128 cm×111 cm can be obtained for 100 msec FIG.8-(b) . If data of the display zone are changed over at an interval of78 μsec, a display of (256×128) picture elements can be obtained becauseof 78 μsec 100 mse/128, as shown in FIG. 8-(c).

The flow of data in the above-mentioned example will now be describedwith reference to the timing chart of FIG. 9.

When the moving member passes through the sensor zone, the sensorcircuit 11 detects this movement, and based on this detectioninformation, the judging portion 12 detects the moving direction andmoving speed to give the decoded data and start trigger to thedata-forming zone. Picture plane data are read out from the data-formingin succession, and picture planes O, . . . M, . . . are displayed asshown in the timing chart. In this case, the picture plane data of oneframe comprises 128 rows of column data. Data of one column comprises 32each of read data R and G of the memory portion 14 having the 8-bitstructure. The read data are transferred as serial data to the displayportion from the data-forming portion.

More specifically, when decoded data (frequency-dividing ratio data DIV)are put into the latch 41 of the timing generator 13 at a speed of 40km/h from the sensor zone, as pointed out hereinbefore, the oscillationfrequency of the programmable oscillator is set at 655 kHz based on theabove data to generate clock CK. The output timings of address clockADR-CK determining the address-forming timing of the memory portion 14,load signal LDB determining the data load timing within the memoryportion 14, shift clock SCK determining the data transfer timing fromthe parallel-serial conversion portion 15, shift clock DSCK determiningthe data load timing of the serial-parallel conversion portion 16 anddata latch clock DLCK determining the data latch timing of the displaydriver portion 17 are determined by the timing generator 13 based onthis frequency of 655 kHz, and these clocks are put out at thepredetermined timings.

The address within the memory portion 14 is designated by a signal fromthe address counter 44 in which the count number is increased by one atevery rising of the address clock ADR-CK. Read data of 8 bits in thedesignated memory address are loaded as parallel data in theparallel-serial conversion portion 15 at the rising of the shift clockSCK when the load signal LDN is at a low level. Then, at everysubsequent rising of shift clock SCK, the data are transferred as serialdata from the parallel-serial conversion portion 15 to theserial-parallel conversion portion 16 and taken into the serial-parallelportion 16 at every rising of shift clock DSK which is the reversionclock of shift clock SCK. When data of 256 bits each of R and G arecompletely shifted to the display zone consisting of 8 display units inthe above-mentioned manner, the above-mentioned data are latched in thedisplay driver portion 17 by latch clock DLCK from the timing generator13 and are displayed as column data COLn of one column in the displayarray portion 18. Simultaneously, transfer of subsequent column data isstarted. If 128 column data are thus transferred, an image plane havinga size of 128 cm×111 cm, which is constructed by (256×128) pictureelements, is displayed.

If the display apparatus having the above-mentioned structure is used,the display apparatus can be arranged at a position where theconventional display apparatus cannot be arranged because the distancebetween the observer and the wall surface is too narrow as in a subwayor a tunnel and the display content cannot be read because of themovement of the observer. Furthermore, the size of the display pictureplane can be simply changed based on the moving speed of the observer byelectronic scanning. Still further, since an n-dimensional picture planecan be obtained by the (n-1)-dimensional display apparatus, the numberof display elements can be remarkably reduced as compared with thenumber of display elements in the conventional technique, and therefore,the structure of the apparatus can be simplified.

Incidentally, there can be adopted a modification in which three sensorsare arranged, and when there is caused a change of the speed, theacceleration at this speed change is computed and the display changeoverspeed is corrected according to the change of the speed.

In the foregoing embodiment, the two-dimensional image display isillustrated, but the three-dimensional display can be effected.

FIGS. 10(a)-(e) are diagrams illustrating the operation of the secondembodiment in which the three-dimensional image display is effected. Thedisplay portion shown in FIG. 1 is formed as a display plane of (L×M)picture elements, different from the one-dimensional display portion.When the moving member passes to the left in the drawings as shown inFIG. 10-(a), the display portion is seen by the observer to move towardthe right FIG. 10-(b) . Accordingly, although the data quantityincreases, the data from the data-forming portion as shown in FIG. 1 arechanged at the changeover speed set according to the moving speed of themoving member, whereby a steric display of (L×M×N) picture elements asshown in FIG. 10-(c) is obtained.

This embodiment will now be described with reference to the display of asphere as an example. As shown in FIG. 10(d), slice data of the sphereare transferred in succession to the two-dimensional display portion. Atthis point, slice data of the sphere can be fed out at predeterminedintervals as shown in FIG. 10-(d), or slice data can be transferred atdifferent feed timings as shown in FIG. 10-(e). As the feed timings ofthe transfer of data is made finer, a display image of a smoother sphereis obtained.

In the case where LED is used as the display element, the directivitycharacteristic of the LED element is as shown in FIG. 11, and itsometimes happens that the angle of the visual field is considerablyrestricted. In this case, as illustrated in FIG. in order to expand thedisplay area, several LED elements are arranged and set in differentdirections to effect the display of one picture element. By thisarrangement, the visual field angle can be effectively expanded.

FIGS. 13(a-(d) illustrate the third embodiment in which a plurality ofone-dimensional display apparatuses are arranged in the depth directionto effect pseudo three-dimensional display.

In the case where three one-dimensional apparatuses are arranged and themoving member moves from the right to the left in the drawings as shownin FIG. 13-(a), the display apparatuses shown in FIG. 13-(a) moverelatively to the right and they are seen to be three planes having adepth by the observer on the moving member as shown in FIG. 13-(b). Forexample, a background is shown in the deepest plane (c), a commodity orperson is shown in the second plane (b) and a tradename or an article tobe especially emphasized is shown in the front plane (a), as shown inFIG. 13-(c). An impressive advertisement display having a deepness, asshown in FIG. 13-(d), is obtained.

FIGS. 14(a)-(d) show the fourth embodiment in which one-dimensionaldisplay apparatuses are arranged in the direction of the advance ofmoving member. In the case where the moving member moves from the rightto the left in the drawings as shown in FIG. 14-(a), if the spacebetween two adjacent one-dimensional display apparatuses isappropriately set, a continuous long display of picture planes 1, 2, 3,. . . as shown in FIG. 14-(b) or a discontinuous frame-to-frame displayas shown in FIG. 14-(c) can be obtained. For example, when the speed ofthe moving member is 16.7 m/sec and the display time is 1/30 sec, acontinuous display can be obtained if the display apparatuses arearranged at intervals of about 56 cm. Of course, when a discontinuousframe-to-frame display as shown in FIG. 14-(c) is obtained, it is notnecessary to arrange the display apparatuses as adjacently to oneanother as mentioned above.

Furthermore, there can be adopted a method in which overlapped portionsas shown in FIG. 14-(d) are formed in view of the movement of eyes, anda method in which a plurality of display apparatuses are arranged so asto cope with the change of the speed of the moving member and thedisplay apparatuses are changed over based on the detected data of thespeed.

The fifth embodiment of the present invention will now be described.

The entire structure of this embodiment is similar to that of the firstembodiment shown in FIG. 1, but in the present embodiment, in thedisplay zone, a plurality of rows of display elements are arranged toform a display array portion 18.

Referring to FIG. 15, N (N=1, 2, . . . ) of display element rows 33, 36,. . . 39 are arranged in the display zone, and N of drivers 32, 35, . .. 38 and N of flip-flop circuits (hereinafter referred to as "F/F") 31,34, 37 are connected to corresponding display element rows. A shiftregister 30 for receiving serial data from the data-forming zone isconnected to F/F 31 of the first stage.

The function will now be described with reference to FIGS. 16(a)-(c).

For simplification of illustration, the case where a two-dimensionaldisplay plane is obtained will now be described. For example, in case ofa display picture plane consisting of (L×M) picture elements as shown inFIG. 16(a), supposing that the length-breadth ratio is 1/1, if theelement interval in L picture elements is d (mm), the display intervalin M elements is d. Supposing that, the passing speed of the observer isv (m/s), the time t_(o) of the display interval is expressed by theformula of t_(o) =v/d. Hereinafter, this to will be referred to as "unittime".

In the above-mentioned scanning display apparatus, the display data arerenewed at intervals t_(o), and by the after-image effect in eyes, adisplay picture plane of (L×M) picture elements can be obtained. In thepresent embodiment, in each row of display apparatuses comprising aplurality (N) of display element rows, as in the foregoing embodiments,display data are renewed at intervals of t_(o), and by feeding displaydata to the adjacent row of display elements at intervals of t_(o), thedisplay time for data of one row becomes N times and the brightnesslevel is increased.

More specifically, in the case where the observer passes to the left ata speed of v (m/s) as shown in FIG. 16-(b), the fixed display apparatusis seen to move at a speed of v (m/s) to the right by the observer.Referring to FIG. 16-(c), display data on the n-th row at time t aredata a, and at time (t+t_(o)) after the passage of the unit time, newdisplay data b are displayed on the n-th row and data a are displayed onthe (n+1)-th row. Since the observer moves by the element interval dduring this period, it seems to the observer that data a are displayedat one position for a time two times as long as in the conventionalapparatus. Then, display data are transferred to adjacent rows insuccession, and therefore, a display time N times as long as the displaytime in the conventional technique can be obtained and the brightnesslevel can be substantially increased.

Of course, N can be determined according to the desired brightnesslevel, and needless to say, N can be determined irrespectively of thenumber M of picture elements in the lateral direction.

The operation in the display zone in the present embodiment will now bedescribed. Data DDTA of one column read in the shift register 30 byshift clock DSCK set according to the moving speed of the moving memberare latched at F/F 31 by latch clock DLCK generated at every unit timeto, and the display element row 33 is driven by the display driver 32 todisplay data DDAT. Data of F/F 31 at preceding one timing are latched atF/F 34 and are displayed on the display element row 36 through thedriver 36. Namely, referring to FIG. 16-(c), display data a on the n-throw at timing t are displayed as data of (n+1)-th row at timing(t+t_(o)). Similarly, data latched at N-th F/F 37 are displayed by thedisplay element row 39 through the driver 38. As pointed outhereinbefore, the moment the column data are latched at the adjacentcolumn, data a are seen to stand stationary because the passenger on themoving member moves by the same distance as the display element rowinterval. Accordingly, data a can be displayed for a time N times aslong as the display time in case of one display row.

A timing chart of the data transfer is shown in FIG. 17. It is nowassumed that the display starts from column 1 of display data DDTA andpreceding data are zero. Data DDTA transferred to the shift register 30by shift clock DSCK are latched at F/F 31 by latch clock FLCK, but attiming t₁, only the display element row 33 displays the data of column 1but the display disappears at other display elements because data ofzero are latched by F/F. At timing t₂, the data of column 1 are latchedat F/F 34 and the data of column 2 are latched at F/F 31. Therefore,column data 2 are displayed on the display element row 33 and columndata 1 are displayed on the display element row 34. Similarly, at timingt₃, data of column 3 are displayed on the display element row 1, data ofcolumn 2 are displayed on the display element row 2 and data of column 1are displayed on the display element row 3.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating another embodiment of thedisplay zone.

Some standard IC comprises a shift register and a flip-flop. If ssweet-potato vein-like structure including such shift registers isadopted, the wiring line quantity can be reduced and expansion can beeasily accomplished. By putting the output of shift register 500directly into shift register 504 of the adjacent row, the distancebetween adjacent rows is expanded while adopting the same circuitstructure in respective rows. If latch clock DLCK is stopped accordingto need, a plurality of display arrays act as an apparatus displaying astationary picture. Accordingly, the apparatus can be used as a displayapparatus for guidance and escape of passengers in case of emergency,for example, in an accident.

In the foregoing embodiments, the display apparatus is fixed. However,the display can be similarly performed even if the display apparatus ismoved. An embodiment of the display apparatus of this type will now bedescribed.

Referring to FIG. 19, a rotatory moving display portion 62 is projectedfrom a pedestal 61, and a display element array 63 is attached to themoving display portion 62. The arrangement direction of the displayelement array 63 is in parallel to the axial direction of a rotationshaft 64, and the display plane becomes a cylindrical plane by rotation.

The internal structure of the pedestal is illustrated in FIG. 20. Themoving display portion 62 is supported by the rotation shaft 64, and therotation shaft 64 is rotatably supported on the pedestal 61 by a bearing65. A driven pulley 66 is attached to the rotation shaft 64, and a belt69 is hung between the driven pulley 66 and a driver pulley 68 attachedto a shaft of a motor 67 secured to the pedestal 61. A slip ring 70 isattached to the rotation shaft 64 so that an electric power is suppliedto the moving display portion 62 from the pedestal portion. An encoderdisk 71 of the reflection type is attached above the pedestal 61, and anencoder sensor 72 including a reflection type optical sensor is attachedbelow the rotatory moving portion. The encoder sensor 72 comprises a Zsensor 72A generating only the output of the starting point and an Asensor 72B emitting the rotation angle. The pattern of the encoder disk71 corresponds to that of the encoder sensor 72. A light-shielding cover73 covering the encoder disk is attached in the lower portion of themoving display portion.

FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram of the present embodiment. The electricpower put in from the terminal of the power source by the turn-onoperation of a power switch SW is fed to a motordriving circuit 74 and apower source circuit 75. The motor-driving circuit 74 is connected tothe motor 67. A display control circuit 76 is connected to ROM 77 forthe storage of display data, a shift register 78 and a circuit 81 forthe waveform processing of the encoder signal. A parallel output of theshift register 78 is put into a latch circuit 79 and the output of thelatch circuit 79 is put into a driver 80. The output of the driver 80 isconnected to the display element array 63. The encoder sensor 72 isconnected to the circuit 81 for the waveform processing of the encodersignal.

The operation of this circuit will now be described.

When the power switch SW is closed, the motor 67 is rotated to drive themoving display portion 62 through the driver pulley 68, belt 69, drivenpulley 66 and rotation shaft 64, and a signal is generated from theencoder sensor 72. When a starting point detection signal from the Zsensor 72A is put into RESET terminal of the display control circuit 76,ROM address pointer in the display control circuit 76 indicates thefirst row of display data. When a rotation angle signal from the Asensor 72B is put in, data of the first row from ROM 77 storing displaydata therein are put in and fed out to the shift register 78. When thefeed-out of data of one row is completed, the display control circuit 76advances the address by one row and emits a latch signal to the latchcircuit 79 to emit the output of the shift register 78 as the latchoutput. One-dimensional data corresponding to the latch output aredisplayed on display elements. This operation cycle is repeated everytime the rotation angle signal from the A sensor 72B of the encodersensor 72 is received, and therefore, display data are changedmomentarily according to the rotation position to effect atwo-dimensional display.

The deviation of the display position is prevented by a rotary encodercorresponding to the rotation position and the display is made preciselyat the predetermined position. When a pulse motor is used as the motor,the deviation of the position can be prevented by making a pulsemotor-driving pulse synchronous with a data-displaying timing, even ifthe encoder is not used. Furthermore, there can be adopted a method inwhich the motor is driven at a constant speed and a display timingsignal is produced by dividing the clock. The electric connectionbetween the rotatory portion and fixed portion is effected in thepedestal 61 by the slip ring as shown in FIG. 19. This method isadvantageous in that the electric power is supplied only through twocontacts. In this case, even the display control circuit 76, ROM 77,encoder signal waveform processing circuit 81, shift register 78, latchcircuit 79 and driver 80 should be attached to the moving portion, butthe above-mentioned circuit utilizing the semiconductor technique has avery light weight and a small size and can be practically realized.

In the present embodiment, display data can be changed only byexchanging ROM 77 for the storage of display data. Furthermore, theabove-mentioned ROM can be changed to reloadable ROM or RAM such asEEPROM and data can be changed by an external machine. After a certaintime from the point of scanning, subsequent display can be made.Alternately, the display portion can be continuously rotated. The timingof the output of picture plane data started by the start trigger by thesignal from the Z sensor 72A is set in the same manner as the timing ofFIG. 9 illustrated hereinbefore with respect to the first embodiment.Therefore, explanation of this output timing is omitted.

If this display apparatus is used, a peculiar impression can be given byan optical letter or image floating in space, and an advertising effectattracting the attention of passersby is increased. Furthermore, theportion beyond the display can be seen through the display, andtherefore, a commodity or the like can be placed beyond the display andcomposite exhibition becomes possible. This is another characteristicadvantage of the present invention.

Still another embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 22.

In this embodiment, the moving display portion 62 is constructed so thatthe moving display portion 62 rotates around the horizontal axis of thepedestal 61, and the display plane has a disc-like shape. In thisembodiment, letters and images to be displayed are of the polarcoordinate system. The circuit structure is substantially the same asthat of the foregoing embodiments, and explanation is omitted. However,since the moving speed is different between the center and theperiphery, in order to maintain the same display brightness between theperiphery and the center, it is necessary that the brightness should bechanged among the display elements.

FIG. 23 shows still another embodiment in which a rod-shaped movingdisplay portion 62 is projected from the pedestal 61 and is advancedlaterally. In this case, the display plane has a tetragonal shape(rectangular shape or parallelogrammic shape).

FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating the moving structure of the movingdisplay portion 62 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 23.

A slide shaft 91 is fixed in the interior of the pedestal 61, and asliding part (not shown) is attached to this slide shaft 91 and themoving display portion 62 is attached to the sliding part. A pair ofgears 92 to be driven by a prime mover (not shown) are arranged withinthe pedestal 61, and a chain 93 is hung on the gears 92. One ofconnecting pins 94 of the chain 93 is projected and fitted in a grooveformed at the lower part of the moving display portion 62 to drive themoving display portion 62. The illustrated moving mechanism is only anexample, and other structures can be adopted.

The circuit structure is substantially the same as in the foregoingembodiments. However, since a reciprocating motion is performed, a slipring need not be disposed. Furthermore, needless to say, the encoder forthe detection of the display position is a linear encoder.

As is apparent from the foregoing description, according to the presentinvention, by the relative movement of the (n -1)-dimensional displayapparatus and the moving member for the observation, n-dimensionaldisplay of images is effected by utilizing the after-image effect ofeyes. Therefore, displayed images can be recognized by an observer evenfrom a vehicle moving at a high speed without moving his neck.Accordingly, even at a position where the conventional display apparatuscannot be arranged because the space between the wall surface and theobserver is too narrow, for example, at a position in a subway or atunnel, the display apparatus of the present invention can be arranged.Moreover, an image display having an optional size can be obtainedaccording to the moving speed of the moving member and the changeoverspeed of the image display data. Still further, since the number ofdisplay elements can be drastically reduced, the installation space canbe reduced and the present invention is advantageous from the economicalviewpoint.

Moreover, in the structure when the display apparatus is moved,displayed letters or images are seen floating in space, and a peculiarimpression is given to passersby and an advertising effect attractingthe attention of passersby is enhanced. Furthermore, since the portionbeyond the display can be seen through the display, if a commodity orthe like is placed beyond the display, composite exhibition can be made.Also in this case, the number of display element and the installationspace can be reduced.

Industrial Applicability

As is apparent from the foregoing description, the n-dimensionalscanning type display method and apparatus of the present invention canbe disposed even in a subway or tunnel where the conventional imagedisplay system cannot be disposed, and therefore, a very high practicaleffect can be attained as an advertising display apparatus or the like.

What is claimed is:
 1. An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatusbeing at least one of: a two dimensional display apparatus and a threedimensional display apparatus, said apparatus having:a display zoneprovided an n-1(n=2,3)-dimensional display array zone for obtaining ann-dimensional image by accomplishing an image scanning operation in adirection of the display based on a display changeover operation of saiddisplay array zone and the moving of a moving member for having anobserver thereon, said display apparatus comprising means in a sensorzone for detecting the passage of the moving member past a referenceposition and outputting movement information including moving speedinformation, and means for indicating moving direction, a data-formingzone forming a display changeover control signal based on the movementinformation from the sensor zone and said means for indicating movingdirection, said data-forming zone outputting display data, and saiddisplay zone having an (n-1)-dimensional display area zone fixedlyarranged along a path of the moving member, and said display zoneconstructed by many emission elements, said display zone arranged forreceiving display data based on the display changeover control signalfrom the data-forming zone and changing over and displaying(n-1)-dimensional images in a succession of images, said succession ofimages operatively being responsive to at least one of the moving speedinformation and the moving direction information and generating movingsignal information for moving said images, in a succession, along withthe moving member along said path.
 2. An n-dimensional scanning typedisplay apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of saiddisplay zones are arranged at predetermined intervals along the movingdirection of the moving member in parallel to one another.
 3. Ann-dimensional scanning type display apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the sensor zone comprises a sensor circuit for detecting themoving member and said means for indicating moving direction; andsaidmeans for indicating moving direction being for indicating the movingdirection of the moving member based on a detection signal from thesensor circuit and outputting moving direction information into thedata-forming zone.
 4. An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatusaccording to claim 3, wherein the sensor zone comprises a sensor circuitincluding first and second sensors arranged at a predetermined intervalalong the moving direction of the moving member and a judging portionfor judging which of the two sensors first detects the moving member,thus judging the moving direction of the moving member and outputting amoving direction information into the data-forming zone.
 5. Ann-dimensional scanning type display apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the sensor zone comprises:a sensor circuit for detecting themoving member; and a judging portion for;judging the moving speed of themoving member based on a detection signal from the signal circuit; andoutputting moving speed information into the data-forming zone.
 6. Ann-dimensional scanning type display apparatus according to claim 5,wherein the sensor zone comprises:said sensor circuit including firstand second sensors arranged at predetermined intervals along the movingdirection of the moving member; and said judging portion beingfor:measuring the difference of the detection time between both of thesensors, computing the moving speed of the moving member based on themeasured value, and outputting moving speed information into thedata-forming zone.
 7. An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein:the data-forming zone comprises controlssignal-generating means for generating various display changeovercontrol signals based on moving information from the sensor zoneincluding at least one of the moving speed information and the movingdirection information of the moving member, and memory means for storingimage display data therein and outputting display data based on anaddress signal generated in the control signal-generating means, andgenerating the moving signal information for moving said images, in asuccession, along with the moving member along said path, andparallel-serial conversion means for converting parallel display dataoutput from the memory means to serial display data and transferring theserial display data based on a data transfer signal from the controlsignal generating means.
 8. An n-dimensional scanning type displayapparatus according to claim 7, wherein:the control signal-generatingmeans comprises a latch circuit for latching the moving information ofthe moving member from the sensor zone, and a programmable oscillatorfor generating a clock signal of a predetermined frequency based on themoving information latched at the latch circuit, and an addresssignal-generating circuit for generating an address signal to the memoryportion based on the oscillating clock of the programmable oscillator,and a data input control signal-generating circuit for generating adisplay data input control signal to the parallel-serial conversionmeans based on the oscillating clock of the programmable oscillator, anda display drive control signal-generating circuit for generating adisplay drive control signal to a display zone based on the oscillatingclock of the programmable oscillator.
 9. An n-dimensional scanning typedisplay apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display zonecomprises:serial-parallel conversion means for receiving serial datatransferred from parallel-serial conversion means based on the datainput control signal from the data-forming zone and converting thereceived serial data to parallel data, display drive means for latchingparallel display data of the serial-parallel conversion means based on adata latch signal from the data forming zone, and a display arrayportion driven by the display drive means to display said latcheddisplay data.
 10. An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatusaccording to claim 9, wherein the display zone comprises a plurality ofdisplay units connected to one another, each display unit comprisingsaid serial-parallel conversion means, said display drive means and saiddisplay array portion.
 11. An n-dimensional scanning type displayapparatus according to claim 9, wherein each display element of thedisplay array portion comprises at least one LED.
 12. An n-dimensionalscanning type display apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said atleast one LED comprises at least a red (R) emission element and a green(G) emission element.
 13. An n-dimensional scanning type displayapparatus according to claim 11, wherein each picture element of thedisplay array portion comprises one LED.
 14. An n-dimensional scanningtype display apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each pictureelement of the display array portion comprises a plurality of LED's. 15.An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatus according to claim 9,wherein each display unit comprises said serial-parallel conversionmeans, said display drive means and said display array portion for eachof a red (R) emission element and a green (G) emission element.
 16. Ann-dimensional scanning type display apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the display array portion of the display zone comprises aplurality of display array rows, the number of which is smaller than thenumber of display picture elements arranged along said moving directionto effect display along with the movement of the moving member.
 17. Ann-dimensional scanning type display apparatus according to claim 16,wherein a display data-storing portion and a display array-drivingportion are disposed in each array row.
 18. An n-dimensional scanningtype display apparatus according to claim 17, wherein display data ofthe display data-storing portion of each display array row are input tothe display data-storing portion of the adjacent display array row insuccession.
 19. An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatus beingat least one of a two-dimensional display apparatus and athree-dimensional display apparatus, said apparatus comprising:a sensorzone, a data-forming zone and a display zone; said sensor zonecomprising means for detecting passage of a moving observer past areference position and outputting movement information, the movementinformation including moving speed information; means for indicatingmoving direction; said data-forming zone comprising:means for producinga display changeover control signal based on the movement informationfrom said sensor zone and said means for indicating moving direction;and means for outputting display data; said display zone provided ann-1(n=2,3)-dimensional display array zone for displaying ann-dimensional image by accomplishing an image scanning operation in adirection of the display based on a display changeover operation of saiddisplay array zone and the movement of the moving observer; and saiddisplay zone comprising:an (n-1)-dimensional display area zone beingfixedly disposed along a path of the moving observer; a plurality ofemission elements; means for receiving display data based on the displaychangeover control signal from said data-forming zone; means forchanging over and displaying (n-1)-dimensional images in a succession ofimages, the succession of images being operatively responsive to atleast one of the moving speed information and the moving directioninformation; and means for generating moving signal information formoving said images, in a succession, along with the moving observeralong said path.
 20. An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatusaccording to claim 19, wherein a plurality of said display zones arearranged at predetermined intervals along the moving direction of themoving observer in parallel to one another.
 21. An n-dimensionalscanning type display apparatus according to claim 19, wherein thesensor zone comprises a sensor circuit for detecting the moving observerand said means for indicating moving direction;said means for indicatingmoving direction being for indicating the moving direction of the movingobserver based on a detection signal from the sensor circuit andoutputting moving direction information into the data-forming zone; andthe sensor zone comprising a sensor circuit including first and secondsensors arranged at a predetermined interval along the moving directionof the moving observer and a judging portion for judging which of thetwo sensors first detects the moving observer, thus judging the movingdirection of the moving observer and outputting a moving directioninformation into the data-forming zone.
 22. An n-dimensional scanningtype display apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the sensor zonecomprises:a sensor circuit for detecting the moving observer; a judgingportion for;judging the moving speed of the moving observer based on adetection signal from the sensor circuit; and outputting moving speedinformation into the data-forming zone; said sensor circuit includingfirst and second sensors arranged at predetermined intervals along themoving direction of the moving observer; and said judging portion beingfor:measuring the difference of the detection time between both of thesensors, computing the moving speed of the moving observer based on themeasured value, and outputting moving speed information into thedata-forming zone.
 23. An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatusaccording to claim 19, wherein:the data-forming zone comprises controlsignal-generating means for generating various display changeovercontrol signals based on moving information from the sensor zoneincluding at least one of the moving speed information and the movingdirection information of the moving observer, memory means for storingimage display data therein and outputting display data based on anaddress signal generated in the control signal-generating means, andgenerating the moving signal information for moving said images, in asuccession, along with the moving observer along said path,parallel-serial conversion means for converting parallel display dataoutput from the memory means to serial display data and transferring theserial display data based on a data transfer signal from the controlsignal generating means, the control signal-generating means comprises alatch circuit for latching the moving information of the moving observerfrom the sensor zone, a programmable oscillator for generating a clocksignal of a predetermined frequency based on the moving informationlatched at the latch circuit, an address signal-generating circuit forgenerating an address signal to the memory portion based on theoscillating clock of the programmable oscillator, and a data inputcontrol signal-generating circuit for generating a display data inputcontrol signal to the parallel-serial conversion means based on theoscillating clock of the programmable oscillator, and a display drivecontrol signal-generating circuit for generating a display drive controlsignal to a display zone based on the oscillating clock of theprogrammable oscillator.
 24. An n-dimensional scanning type displayapparatus according to claim 19, wherein the display zonecomprises:serial-parallel conversion means for receiving serial datatransferred from parallel-serial conversion means based on the datainput control signal from the data-forming zone and converting thereceived serial data to parallel data, display drive means for latchingparallel display data of the serial-parallel conversion means based on adata latch signal from the data forming zone, and a display arrayportion driven by the display drive means to display said latcheddisplay data.
 25. An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatusaccording to claim 24, wherein the display zone comprises a plurality ofdisplay units connected to one another, each display unit comprisingsaid serial-parallel conversion means, said display drive means and saiddisplay array portion.
 26. An n-dimensional scanning type displayapparatus according to claim 24, wherein each display element of thedisplay array portion comprises at least one LED.
 27. An n-dimensionalscanning type display apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said atleast one LED comprises at least a red (R) emission element and a green(G) emission element.
 28. An n-dimensional scanning type displayapparatus according to claim 26, wherein each picture element of thedisplay array portion comprises one LED.
 29. An n-dimensional scanningtype display apparatus according to claim 26, wherein each pictureelement of the display array portion comprises a plurality of LED's. 30.An n-dimensional scanning type display apparatus according to claim 24,wherein each display unit comprises said serial-parallel conversionmeans, said display drive means and said display array portion for eachof a red (R) emission element and a green (G) emission element.
 31. Ann-dimensional scanning type display apparatus according to claim 19,wherein the display array portion of the display zone comprises aplurality of display array rows, the number of which is smaller than thenumber of display picture elements arranged along said moving directionto effect display along with the movement of the moving observer.
 32. Ann-dimensional scanning type display apparatus according to claim 31,wherein:a display data-storing portion and a display array-drivingportion are disposed in each array row; and display data of the displaydata-storing portion of each display array row are input to the displaydata-storing portion of the adjacent display array row in succession.